How a Western Lifestyle Impacts Our Health
Written by Kelly Dodds - Masters in Nutrition and Human Performance
Luckily, our health is mostly determined by our personal choices, giving us control over our future—but it’s also shaped by the cultural environment that surrounds us. A Western lifestyle, characterized by convenience, productivity, and competition, has influence on everything from our dietary habits to our stress levels, activities, sleep quality, and social connections. While modernization has brought many benefits, it has also introduced risks to our health that previous generations didn’t struggle with.
Recent data shows these risks are the top threats to our health, evidenced by the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers which are now the leading causes of death and disability in the U.S. (CDC, 2022). Even more alarming, life expectancy in the U.S. has begun to decline for certain populations– a contrast to the longevity expectations seen in previous decades.
So what’s responsible for this decline in health? Human genetics have evolved over millions of years to adapt to environments that were different from today's urban, industrialized settings. Over the past 100 years, just four to five generations, the pace of environmental change (driven by industrialization, urbanization, and food manufacturing systems) has outpaced our ability to biologically adapt.
This “mismatch” between our genes and environment is thought to be at the root of many lifestyle-related diseases. The Western lifestyle promotes behaviors such as a high intake of ultra-processed foods while lacking nutrients-dense foods, physical inactivity, sleep deprivation, chronic psychological stress, alcohol & drug use, limited sun exposure, and environmental toxins.
In contrast, our ancestors lived in sync with natural cycles: they engaged in regular physical activity, ate minimally processed foods, slept in alignment with light-dark cycles, and experienced mostly acute (not chronic) stress.
In recent years, our culture has adopted the Standard American Diet (SAD), representative of our convenient modern Western culture. The SAD is rich in processed foods, refined sugars, added fats, and sodium—while low in fiber, omega-3 fats, and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants). This diet has been associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, NAFLD, cancer, and mental health disorders.
Meanwhile, traditional dietary patterns—like the Mediterranean diet or those found in Blue Zones (regions with high concentrations of centenarians)—prioritize whole, perishable foods: vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, and seeds. These diets are nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory, and linked to longevity and lower chronic disease rates.
Beyond food, cultural norms also impact health behaviors. American culture emphasizes productivity, long work hours, and digital entertainment—often at the expense of sleep, exercise, and meaningful social connections. Chronic stress from work and a lack of social connection further elevates cortisol levels, contributing to inflammation and disease.
Research also shows that social networks influence health behaviors: we tend to normalize the habits of those around us. This makes it challenging to adopt healthier behaviors when the dominant cultural environment promotes convenience, excess, and unhealthy lifestyles surrounding us.
How to Thrive in a Westernized World
Adopting "traditional" habits in a modern environment requires focused effort, but the benefits are life-changing (literally). Evidence shows the following are ways you can optimize your health and longevity:
Prioritize Nutrient-Dense Foods
Focus on “whole” foods: proteins (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, legumes), vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.
Aim to consume at least 0.8g of protein per lb. body weight and 20-40g of fiber daily. Also, strive to eat two 4oz servings of fish per week.
Limit ultra-processed foods, refined grains, added sugars, and preservatives.
Hydrate appropriately: don’t ignore thirst and aim to replenish the 2-3L of water that we lose daily.
Stay Active
Get a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity and two sessions of resistance training weekly.
Break up sedentary time with non-exercise activity (NEAT): 8,000+ steps daily significantly reduces mortality risk.
Prioritize Sleep
Target 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.
Limit light exposure an hour before bed, get sunlight exposure in the morning, and go to sleep and wake at the same time each day to reinforce circadian rhythms.
Manage Stress
Try evidence-based stress reduction strategies: incorporate mindfulness, breathwork, journaling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or nature exposure to lower stress hormones and inflammation.
Build strong social connections: regular interaction with supportive communities improves mental and physical health.
Avoid excessive exposure to environmental toxins
Get Natural Sunlight (Safely)
20-30 minutes of sunlight exposure daily supports vitamin D synthesis and circadian rhythm regulation. Avoid too much sun exposure that can burn and damage skin.
Align with Like-Minded Communities
Surround yourself with people who support positive behaviors. This could be fitness groups, communities with similar interests/hobbies, or social circles that prioritize wellness without excessive alcohol or unhealthy habits.
Our modern environment poses challenges to maintaining health, but by making conscious adjustments, we can align more closely with the lifestyle patterns that support human thriving. Start with small shifts—eat more whole foods, move more, sleep better, and nurture your social connections—and watch how your body and mind respond. By understanding the gap between our biology and modern advances, we can mitigate the negative impacts of Western culture while enjoying its benefits.
Take Action:
Identify 4 ways you can better optimize your lifestyle from the ‘How to Thrive in a Westernized World’ list above. For instance, compared to your current habits, maybe you could be eating more protein & vegetables, sleeping an extra hour each night, getting more steps throughout the day, and adding an extra workout consistently each week.
Set 1 goal per week to focus on. Each week, focus on 1 of the 4 changes you identified. Making one change at a time allows you to focus all of your effort making that change, see the effect of that one change, and the change will be more likely to stick long term since you won’t be overwhelmed with too many changes at once.
Track your behavior changes and the results you notice. Jot down your daily behaviors that you are focusing on each week, and also track your energy levels and/or mood on a scale of 1-10, monitor body fat changes, changes in performance at the gym, if any nagging pain has gotten better, or if memory has improved, etc. Notice patterns between the behavior changes you’re implementing and metrics you’re tracking to see improvements when you follow a more “traditional” lifestyle.
